The Structural Composition of a Machining Center

A machining center is a highly efficient and precise CNC machine tool capable of performing multi-process continuous machining on workpieces. Its main structural composition includes the following parts:

1. Base Components:

• The base components serve as the core framework of the machining center, typically composed of a bed, columns, and a worktable.

• These components primarily bear the static load of the machining center and the cutting load generated during the machining process, thus requiring sufficient rigidity.

• Base components can be cast iron parts or welded steel structural parts, and they are the largest in volume and weight among the machining center components.

• For example, AKIRA-SEIKI castings utilize high-grade Meehanite castings that have undergone heat treatment, resulting in high stability.

2. Spindle Components:

• The spindle components are the power output unit for cutting operations, consisting of a spindle box, spindle motor, spindle, and spindle bearings.

• The start, stop, and speed change of the spindle are all controlled by the CNC system.

• The tool mounted on the spindle participates in the cutting motion and is a critical component of the machining center.

• The performance of the spindle components directly affects the machining accuracy and stability of the machining center.

  
  

3. CNC System:

• The CNC system is the "brain" of the machining center, comprising a CNC device, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), servo drive units, and an operator panel.

• The CNC device receives and interprets machining programs, controlling the movements of various parts of the machine tool.

• The PLC is responsible for the logical control and auxiliary function control of the machine tool.

• Servo drive units drive the moving parts of the machine tool to move according to predetermined trajectories and speeds.

  
  

4. Automatic Tool Change System:

• The automatic tool change system consists of a tool magazine, a manipulator (or other tool change mechanisms), and a drive mechanism.

• When a tool change is required, the CNC system issues a command, and the manipulator or other tool change mechanisms retrieve a tool from the magazine and load it into the spindle.

• The automatic tool change system enables the automatic storage, selection, handling, and exchange of tools between processes during multi-process continuous machining with a single workpiece clamping, greatly enhancing processing efficiency.